Toxins

Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic compounds produced by fungi and mould, often found in various feeds that have not been stored properly and grasses, hay, and silage. Notable mycotoxins include polar toxins, which carry a positive or negative charge, such as Aflatoxins and Fumonisins. In contrast, non-polar toxins do not carry any charge and include Trichothecenes (like DON and T2 toxins), Zearalenone, and Ergot alkaloids such as Ergovaline.

The ability of certain binders to interact with mycotoxins is influenced by their electrical charge. For example, Aflatoxin, a polar toxin, is readily captured by glucomannan-based binders, which are popular in the market.

Pasture-based mycotoxins like Ergovaline and Lolitrem B are non-polar, making it difficult for yeast cell wall-based binders to effectively bind them.

Common fungi that threaten horse health include Lolitrem B and Ergovaline, along with others such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Multiple mycotoxins can coexist if conditions favor their growth.

Fungal toxins are often linked to photosensitivity, which manifests as sunburn or blistering on light-colored skin, particularly on the face and pasterns. When animals ingest plants or chemicals containing these pigments, the pigments can circulate to the skin, where they react with UV light, leading to oxidative damage. Liver damage may not be apparent until signs of photosensitization emerge.

There are also general signs of toxicity that can overlap with other health issues, complicating diagnosis. Symptoms may include decreased appetite, weight loss, difficulty regulating body temperature, diarrhea, persistent coughs, unusual behavior, muscle twitching, and coordination problems.

Chronic exposure to toxins can severely impact animal health. Aflatoxins are particularly harmful to liver function, while Ochratoxins are potent nephrotoxins, contributing to kidney damage. Fumonisins also adversely affect liver and immune system functionality.

To reduce exposure, especially during late summer and autumn when endophyte mycotoxin levels peak, consider supplementing with a mycotoxin binder if your horse grazes on susceptible pastures like Paspalum or certain types of rye grass or tall fescue. Toxin binders are not necessary year-round unless a consistent toxin issue is present.

Mycotoxin binders are daily supplements designed to capture mycotoxins in feed or pasture, preventing their absorption in the digestive system. However, not all binders are equally effective, and no single binder has proven broad-spectrum efficacy against all mycotoxins. Research on the effectiveness of binders concerning non-polar toxins prevalent in grasses is limited; these toxins are best managed through deactivation.

Various types of binders exist, including activated carbon, clay-based aluminosilicates, and polysaccharides derived from yeast and certain bacteria (glucomannans).

Clay binders made from bentonite or zeolite have significant drawbacks; they can also bind essential minerals like copper and zinc, and are high in iron. These binders are best used for short-term issues such as unresolved diarrhea. Zeolite can absorb Aflatoxin but is ineffective against other mycotoxins. It can bind positively charged minerals but requires them to be in dissolved form and it will bind the nutritionally important minerals as well as toxins risking the loss of essential nutrients. Concerns about aluminum accumulation in bones have arisen from studies involving sodium zeolite to enhance bone strength. If you choose a clay-based binder, it's recommended to feed it separately from other minerals or medications and limit its duration of use.

Glucomannan-based binders, sourced from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, effectively bind polar toxins like Aflatoxins and Fumonisins but fall short with non-polar toxins. A well-regarded option is Mycosorb, which does not bind minerals like clay-based alternatives. Mycosorb mitigates mycotoxin risk through adsorption, effectively removing them from the digestive tract. Its effectiveness can vary based on the ease of mycotoxin capture. Polar toxins, such as aflatoxins, are easier to bind; if symptoms persist while using Mycosorb, a non-polar toxin issue may be the cause.

Elitox employs a dual approach for non-polar toxins by both binding and deactivating mycotoxins. It incorporates detoxifying enzymes found in certain plants and bacteria, aiding the immune system by eliminating immunosuppressive toxins. A key component, Chitosan, is recognized for its antibacterial and antifungal effects. Additionally, it includes antioxidant Vitamin C, which supports liver and nerve health and promotes cellular renewal. Aflatoxins can impair liver functions, including Vitamin C synthesis.

Dr. Stuart Wilkinson (Elitox) notes that in cooler climates, Fusarium fungi, which produce non-polar toxins, present a challenge. Conversely, in warmer and tropical areas, Aspergillus fungi, which generate Aflatoxins that can be bound, are more prevalent. Temperate regions may face a wider array of mycotoxin challenges.

To alleviate confusion regarding toxin-related issues and seasonal behavioral changes as often the symptoms can go hand in hand, we at HHIO have improved HHIO Assist. A comprehensive solution addressing both polar and non-polar toxins. A straightforward daily dose of 30g includes 10g each of Mycosorb and Elitox, along with almost a full 1g of organic Magnesium and 500mg of Vitamin B1, plus 3.5g of Vitamin C from Elitox to support liverand general health.

Keep it simple, targeted and effective.

https://www.healthyhorsesinsideout.co.nz/store/products/hhioassist

MAGNIFICENT MAGNESIUM

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